PhD rules by university

Eligibility (master’s marks)

A master’s with 55%, or a CGPA of 5.5 out of 10. SC, ST and candidates with more than 40% disability need 50% or 5.0. The degree must match the faculty you apply to (clause 2).

Entrance test and NET/JRF

A two-hour written test: 25% research methodology, 75% your PG subject. You need 50% to reach the interview, with 5% relaxation for SC, ST and more than 40% disability. Rank is 70% test, 30% interview (clause 5.3). A valid GATE score or NET frees you from the test, and that score takes its place (clause 5.4).

Coursework

Four PG courses worth 12 credits that you did not take in your master’s, or up to four Swayam-NPTEL PG courses. You get two attempts per course and three years at most. A CGPA of 7.0, a written and oral exam and a seminar confirm your registration (clause 13.1).

Duration: full-time

Minimum two years in Engineering and Technology, and in Architecture and Planning. Three years in Science and Humanities. In Management, two with an engineering first degree and three with a science or humanities one. Maximum six years in every case (clauses 10.2 and 10.3).

Duration: part-time

Minimum three years in Engineering and Technology, and in Architecture and Planning. Four years in Science and Humanities. In Management, three with an engineering first degree and four with a science or humanities one. Maximum six years (clauses 10.2 and 10.3).

Papers before submission

At least one full-length research article, published after joining, in a regular issue of a journal on the Centre for Research list. One granted Indian utility patent can count instead. It is needed before the synopsis is accepted (clause 16.2). Two are needed to submit three months early (clause 16.1).

Similarity limit

CFR’s plagiarism policy has you submit the similarity report after reaching Level 0, which is up to 10%. References, contents, acknowledgements, standard equations and your own claimed papers are left out of the count.

Source document

Thesis format

A4, Times New Roman 13 at 1.5 spacing, on CFR’s official Word or LaTeX template. The main text runs 100 to 400 pages. References are author–year, close to Harvard. English and Tamil abstracts of about 400 words go in with the thesis.

Our guide: Anna University PhD admission. Thesis format: Anna University PhD thesis format. Official regulation: Ph.D. Regulations R2025.

Documents behind this card:

• Anna University, Ph.D. Regulations R2025 (PDF)
• Anna University CFR, R2025 amendments, 23 October 2025 (PDF)
• Anna University CFR, Ph.D. admission guidelines, July 2026 session
• Anna University CFR, Plagiarism Policy (PDF)

Eligibility (master’s marks)

A master’s with 55%, or a CGPA of 5.5 out of 10. SC, ST, OBC (non-creamy layer) and differently abled candidates need 50% or 5.0 (clause 2). Open University master’s degrees are not accepted.

Entrance test and NET/JRF

A test of 70 one-mark questions in 90 minutes, then a 30-mark interview. You need 50% of the 100, or 45% with the reserved-category relaxation (clause 6.6). M.Phil., teacher fellowship, UGC-JRF, NET, SLET, SET, GATE, CSIR, ICHR, ICPR and ICSSR holders skip the test, not the interview.

Coursework

At least four or five courses of four credits, including Research Methodology (4) and Research and Publication Ethics (2). You need 50% in each exam and 80% attendance, with three attempts. Finish within 18 months, extendable by six (clause 14).

Duration: full-time

Minimum three years, or two with an M.Phil. The maximum is six years, with one grace year.

Duration: part-time

Minimum four years; the synopsis can go in three months before it ends (clause 17.1). The maximum is six years, with one grace year.

Papers before submission

Two papers, published or accepted, carrying the Annamalai affiliation, before the synopsis. They must be in SCI, SCI-E, SSCI or Scopus Q1–Q4 journals, or double-blind peer-reviewed ones (clauses 17.1 and 17.3).

Similarity limit

The 2026-27 regulations give no similarity percentage and name no software. Clause 26 covers only what happens if plagiarism is found. Only the ICAR stream in agriculture names a tool (Turnitin) and the percentage UGC prescribes.

Thesis format

Times New Roman 13 pt at 1.5 spacing, on A4 of at least 80 GSM (Appendix II). No more than 300 pages, leaving out bibliography and appendices, unless the Director, DARE agrees (clause 18.8). Four double-sided soft-cover copies, each with a CD.

Our guide: Annamalai University PhD admission. Thesis format: Annamalai University PhD thesis format. Official regulation: Ph.D. Prospectus 2026-27 (University Departments), with the regulations.

Documents behind this card:

• Annamalai University, Ph.D. Prospectus 2026-27, University Departments (PDF)
• Annamalai University, Ph.D. Prospectus 2026-27, Affiliated Colleges (PDF)

Eligibility (master’s marks)

55% in the qualifying degree, or 60% in the Faculty of Management Studies. SC, ST, OBC and PwBD candidates get 5% relaxation (2026 bulletin).

Source document

Entrance test and NET/JRF

BHU holds no Research Entrance Test. In JRF mode, the interview alone decides. In NET mode, merit is 70% your NET, GATE or ICAR-SRF percentile and 30% your interview percentile. The NET result must be declared within the last year. The interview is 30 marks, in person (2026 bulletin).

Source document

Coursework

At least 16 credits over at least two semesters, finished within four semesters of paying your fees (clause X). One exam covers the whole coursework, and you need 50% in each part.

Duration: full-time

At least three years from joining. Extensions of up to two years, plus a third year from the Dean, take the total to six. Re-registration can add two more (clause VIII).

Duration: part-time

At least four years for senior managers admitted part-time (clause VIII). The guide gives no separate figure for other part-time routes.

Papers before submission

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Ph.D. Ordinance (2016, as amended)

Similarity limit

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Ph.D. Ordinance (2016, as amended)

Thesis format

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Ph.D. Ordinance (2016, as amended)

Our guide: BHU PhD admission. Official regulation: Ph.D. Ordinance (2016, as amended).

Documents behind this card:

• BHU, Ph.D. Ordinance (2016, as amended) (PDF)
• BHU, Ph.D. Admission Information Bulletin 2026 (PDF)

Eligibility (master’s marks)

A master’s with 55%, or 75% in a four-year bachelor’s. SC, ST, Category-I, OBC (non-creamy layer) and PwD candidates get 5% relaxation (clause 3). An M.Phil. counts only if earned in regular mode on or before 2009, with 55%.

Entrance test and NET/JRF

A 100-mark test in 120 minutes: 50% research methodology, 50% subject. You need 50% (45% reserved) to reach the interview. The final score is 70% test, 30% interview (clause 5.3). Fellowship holders are selected on the interview alone (5.1.1). NET, KSET, SLET and GATE holders skip the test but are ranked (5.2). Half the seats go to each stream (11.6.4).

Coursework

Three four-credit papers in one semester, attended full-time: Research Methodology and Publication Ethics, a cognate or core paper, and a paper in your supervisor’s field (clause 12). You need 50% in each paper, 55% overall and 75% attendance.

Duration: full-time

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Regulations Governing the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 2024

Duration: part-time

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Regulations Governing the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 2024

Papers before submission

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Regulations Governing the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 2024

Similarity limit

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Regulations Governing the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 2024

Thesis format

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Regulations Governing the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 2024

Our guide: Bangalore University PhD admission. Official regulation: Regulations Governing the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 2024.

Documents behind this card:

• Bangalore University, Ph.D. Regulations 2024 (PDF)
• Bangalore University, Ph.D. admission notification, 31 January 2026 (PDF)

Eligibility (master’s marks)

A master’s with 55% (grade B on the UGC seven-point scale), with 17 years of study behind it (clause 2.1). SC, ST, differently-abled and other groups Tamil Nadu names get 5% relaxation. M.E., M.Tech. and PG degrees in medicine, law and agriculture are not accepted (clause 2.2).

Entrance test and NET/JRF

The Common Eligibility Test has 50 one-mark questions, no negative marking, and a pass mark of 15. Selection is out of 100: PG marks (50), CET (50) and interview (10). You need 50 overall, with 25 from PG and 25 from CET plus interview. UGC-NET or CSIR-NET (JRF included), SLET, SET, GATE, DST-INSPIRE, M.Phil. and FIP or FDP holders skip the CET.

Coursework

Part I has three papers: research methodology, an advanced course and a special paper (clause 18.1). Each is three hours and 100 marks. You need 50 in each and 55% overall, within five attempts. An M.Phil. in the same area exempts you.

Duration: full-time

At least three years, including coursework, with 75% attendance each year. An M.Phil. or M.Litt. in a related subject takes a year off. The guide gives no maximum.

Duration: part-time

At least four years. An M.Phil. or M.Litt. in a related subject takes a year off. The guide gives no maximum.

Papers before submission

At least two papers in SCI, SCIE or Scopus journals, or peer-reviewed ones (SSCI, AHCI or Scopus for arts, humanities and social sciences). Also two conference or seminar talks. Proceedings papers don’t count. Accepted papers are enough for the synopsis.

Similarity limit

A maximum of 10% on DrillBit, checked on the chapters only. The certified certificate is valid for 15 days from the date of issue.

Source document

Thesis format

The regulations fix the cover, certificates and copies, but not margins, fonts or citation style. The main text must not go past 275 A4 pages, leaving out bibliography, tables and diagrams. The cover is thin and flexible, not hard-bound.

Our guide: Bharathiar University PhD admission. Thesis format: Bharathiar University PhD thesis format. Official regulation: Ph.D. Regulations 2025–26.

Documents behind this card:

• Bharathiar University, Ph.D. Regulations 2025–26 (Word document)
• Bharathiar University, July 2026 Ph.D. admission notification (PDF)
• Bharathiar University, plagiarism check (DrillBit) procedure

Eligibility (master’s marks)

A 10+2+3+2 master’s with 55%, or a CGPA of 5.51 (clause 2.1.1). SC, ST and differently abled candidates need 50%, as do master’s degrees older than 19 September 1991.

Entrance test and NET/JRF

The Ph.D. Qualifying Entrance Examination was an online test of 50 multiple-choice questions for 100 marks in 75 minutes (August 2026). You need 50%, or 5% less for BC, MBC, DNC, SC, ST and differently-abled candidates. Rank is 70% test, 30% interview. UGC-NET, CSIR-NET (JRF included), SLET or SET exempts you (clause 5.2.2), within five years under the August 2026 prospectus. GATE is not named.

Coursework

14 credits with a PG degree: Research Methodology (4), Research and Publication Ethics (2), core area (4) and related area (4). 10 credits with an M.Phil., and 18 with an engineering PG (clause 7.2). You finish within 12 months of provisional registration.

Duration: full-time

Three years, maximum five, with an M.A., M.Sc., M.Com., MCA, MBA, M.Ed., CA or CFA. Two years, maximum four, with an M.Phil. or a Bharathidasan M.Tech. or M.E. (clause 8.1).

Duration: part-time

Four years, maximum six. Three years, maximum five, with an M.Phil., M.E. or M.Tech. (clause 8.1).

Papers before submission

At least two first-author articles with your supervisor, on your topic, before the synopsis (clause 8.5). Science, engineering and technology: both in Web of Science or Scopus. Arts, commerce and management: one in Web of Science, Scopus, DOAJ, ERIC or ABDC, and one in a peer-reviewed journal. Language subjects: two in peer-reviewed journals with ten years of archives.

Similarity limit

Up to 10% on DrillBit, leaving out your own papers and the reference list (clause 10.3). The Central Library certifies it.

Thesis format

Times New Roman 12 pt at 1.5 spacing, printed on both sides of 70 GSM A4 (Annexure III). No more than 300 pages, including appendix, tables and figures (clause 10.1). A white soft-bound cover lettered in your faculty’s colour.

Source document

Our guide: Bharathidasan University PhD admission. Thesis format: Bharathidasan University PhD thesis format. Official regulation: Ph.D. Regulations 2026.

Documents behind this card:

• Bharathidasan University, Ph.D. Regulations 2026 (PDF)
• Bharathidasan University, Ph.D. entrance prospectus, August 2026 (PDF)
• Bharathidasan University, Annexure III, Guidelines to Prepare Doctoral Thesis (PDF)

Eligibility (master’s marks)

A master’s in the relevant branch with 55%, relaxed by 5% for SC, ST, BC, differently abled and EWS candidates (2026-27 notices). You must hold the degree on the date of the notification.

Source document

Entrance test and NET/JRF

A two-hour computer test of 100 multiple-choice questions. Pass marks are 40% OC, 35% BC and 30% SC, ST and PH. UGC-NET, CSIR-NET, SLET, a valid GATE or GPAT (and an M.Phil. for the research-centre and external programmes) exempt you. A 50-mark interview follows: 30 marks from your degrees and papers, 20 from the subject interview.

Source document

Coursework

A one-week Research Methodology course at the Directorate of R&D, with 75% attendance. Then four theory subjects in the first one or two semesters (clause 8).

Duration: full-time

The earliest you can submit is three years from admission. The guide gives no maximum.

Duration: part-time

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Ph.D. Academic Regulations and Guidelines, 2021-22 onwards

Papers before submission

Four papers as first-named author, with two or more in Web of Science, SCI or Scopus journals (clause 9.1). One paper plus a recognised patent is an alternative.

Similarity limit

Overall similarity must not go above 24%, and no single source other than your own papers may go above 3%. The check is done after the Colloquium, and you get three chances.

Thesis format

Bookman Old Style 12 on 100 GSM A4 at 1.5 spacing. Left margin 1.5″, others 1″. Printed on both sides. Soft binding, with a white 300 GSM cover and navy blue lettering.

Source document

Our guide: JNTUH PhD admission. Thesis format: JNTU PhD thesis format. Official regulation: Ph.D. Academic Regulations and Guidelines, 2021-22 onwards.

Documents behind this card:

• JNTUH, Academic Regulations and Guidelines for Ph.D., 2021-22 onwards (PDF)
• JNTUH, information to candidates, Full-Time Ph.D. 2026-27 (PDF)
• JNTUH, general outline for thesis write-up (PDF)

Eligibility (master’s marks)

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Ph.D. Ordinance 2022 (Ordinance 13(B)) in the Academic Ordinances

Entrance test and NET/JRF

Most programmes hold no written test. On the NET route, your NET percentile becomes 70 marks, plus 30 for the viva-voce. On the JRF route, the viva alone decides, out of 100. GATE is a route for the School of Engineering only (Admission Policy 2026–27, clauses 3.2 to 3.4). Only NET percentiles from June 2025 onwards count.

Source document

Coursework

Two semesters, at least 12 credits, including Research and Publication Ethics and at least four credits of research methodology (clause 7). You need 55% to continue, and you can’t repeat a course.

Duration: full-time

Three to six years. Re-registration can add two more. Women and scholars with more than 40% disability may have two further years, up to ten in all.

Duration: part-time

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Ph.D. Ordinance 2022 (Ordinance 13(B)) in the Academic Ordinances

Papers before submission

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Ph.D. Ordinance 2022 (Ordinance 13(B)) in the Academic Ordinances

Similarity limit

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Ph.D. Ordinance 2022 (Ordinance 13(B)) in the Academic Ordinances

Thesis format

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Ph.D. Ordinance 2022 (Ordinance 13(B)) in the Academic Ordinances

Our guide: JNU PhD admission. Official regulation: Ph.D. Ordinance 2022 (Ordinance 13(B)) in the Academic Ordinances.

Documents behind this card:

• JNU, Academic Ordinances, including Ordinance 13(B) on the Ph.D., 2022 (PDF)
• JNU, Admission Policy and Procedure 2026–2027 (PDF)
• JNU, Ph.D. e-Prospectus 2026–27 (PDF)

Eligibility (master’s marks)

A bachelor’s and a master’s on the 10+2+3+2 pattern, with 55% in the master’s. 50% for OBC (non-creamy layer), SC, ST and differently-abled applicants, and for master’s degrees from before 19 September 1991. Grace marks aren’t counted.

Entrance test and NET/JRF

The Common Entrance Test is two hours and 100 objective marks: 50 on research aptitude and reasoning, 50 on your PG subject (clause 4.2). You need 50%, or 45% if reserved, and rank is 70% test, 30% interview (amended clauses, March 2022). NET, SET, SLET or GATE exempts you from the test only. JRF or SRF holders skip both test and interview.

Source document

Coursework

At least 12 credits with a PG degree, or 8 with an M.Phil., including the 2-credit Research and Publication Ethics course. You finish within a year of provisional registration and need 55% (clause 6.9).

Source document

Duration: full-time

Minimum three years, maximum six. The maximum is eight for women and candidates with disabilities. Women may take maternity or child-care leave once, up to 240 days. The regulations rule out extending the maximum.

Duration: part-time

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. M.Phil./Ph.D. Regulations 2016, with later amendments

Papers before submission

Two papers as first author, relevant to your research, in journals listed by the UGC, before you submit (amendments of May 2019).

Source document

Similarity limit

The 2016 supervisor certificate (clause 14.2) says content “does not exceed 30% of the total thesis for all subjects except languages and 50% for Mathematics”. That predates UGC’s 2018 rules. Our guide advises aiming for 10% and getting the current figure from the TPM Library in writing.

Thesis format

No more than 250 pages (clause 14). Both sides of A4 at 1.5 spacing, in a legible font such as Times New Roman 12 pt. Four hard copies and three PDF copies, with the synopsis.

Our guide: Madurai Kamaraj University PhD admission. Thesis format: Madurai Kamaraj University PhD thesis format. Official regulation: M.Phil./Ph.D. Regulations 2016, with later amendments.

Documents behind this card:

• Madurai Kamaraj University, M.Phil./Ph.D. Regulations effective 5 May 2016 (PDF)
• Madurai Kamaraj University, amendments approved on 24 May 2019 (PDF)
• Madurai Kamaraj University, amended clauses 4.2, 4.3 and 11.4, March 2022 (PDF)
• Madurai Kamaraj University, coursework circular, 25 August 2020 (PDF)

Eligibility (master’s marks)

A master’s with 55% in the same or an allied subject. SC, ST, OBC (non-creamy layer) and differently abled candidates need 50% (clause 3). Open University master’s degrees are not accepted.

Entrance test and NET/JRF

A two-hour, 70-mark objective test in your master’s subject. Merit is 70% entrance marks and 30% PG marks. The 2026 notification exempted JRF, UGC-NET, CSIR-NET, SET, CMRF, NET (Ph.D. only), GATE and CEED holders. Clause 4.7 ranks NET-JRF first, then NET, then SET, then test-takers.

Coursework

At least 12 credits, including research methodology and Research and Publication Ethics. You need 55% to continue (clause 9).

Duration: full-time

Three to six years (clause 5.1(3)).

Duration: part-time

Four to six years (clause 5.2(2)).

Papers before submission

Two papers in UGC-CARE-listed journals, or one granted patent, before the synopsis. You must be first author, or second with your supervisor first. The papers carry the MSU affiliation and go on your Vidwan profile (clause 11.2). You also present two papers at seminars or conferences.

Similarity limit

“Similarities upto 10% be accepted (via Drillbit software)” (clause 11.4). You submit the thesis within 15 days of the check.

Thesis format

MS Word in Times New Roman 12 pt (clause 11.7(6)), double-spaced, at least 20 lines a page. 100 to 400 pages from Chapter 1, references not counted. Three soft-bound copies printed on both sides.

Source document

Our guide: Manonmaniam Sundaranar University PhD admission. Thesis format: Manonmaniam Sundaranar University PhD thesis format. Official regulation: Revised Ph.D. Regulations 2023.

Documents behind this card:

• Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Revised Ph.D. Regulations 2023 (PDF)
• Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, entrance notification for the January and July 2026 sessions (image)
• Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, model format for thesis preparation (PDF)

Eligibility (master’s marks)

A master’s in the subject with 55%, or 50% for SC, ST, BC, PWD and EWS candidates (Category-II notification, 24 August 2026). Rule 3 also accepts an M.Phil. with 55% or a four-year bachelor’s with 75%. Your PG result must be out before you apply.

Source document

Entrance test and NET/JRF

Category-II is a 90-minute, 100-question computer test scaled to 70 marks, plus a 30-mark interview. You qualify with 45% (Open), 40% (BC, EWS) or 35% (SC, ST, PwD) (rule 7.2(c)). Category-I is interview only, for JRF holders, DST-INSPIRE, NFSC, NFST, NFPWD, FIP and QIP fellows (rule 6.1). NET without JRF gives no exemption.

Coursework

One semester of four papers: Research and Publication Ethics (2 credits), Research Methodology (4), an advanced subject paper (4) and Artificial Intelligence (2) (rule 20.4). You need 55% in every paper (rules 21.5 and 21.6). A regular-mode M.Phil. with the same coursework exempts you (rule 20.2).

Duration: full-time

Minimum four years, including coursework. Maximum six years, with up to two more by re-registration (rule 4). Clause 27.1 lets a full-time scholar submit after three years of research, counted from joining.

Duration: part-time

Minimum five years, including coursework. Maximum six years, with up to two more by re-registration (rule 4). Clause 27.1 lets a part-time scholar submit after four years of research, counted from joining.

Papers before submission

Two papers from the thesis work, co-authored with your supervisor, in journals indexed in Scopus or Web of Science (rule 25).

Similarity limit

A similarity index of 10% or less, and AI-generated content similarity of 20% or less, on the university’s approved software (clause 28.1). You sign an undertaking with both figures (clause 27.4(a)).

Thesis format

Both sides of A4, Times New Roman 12 point, 1.5 spacing (clause 27.13). References follow one standard style: APA 7th, IEEE, Harvard or Oxford. Four soft-bound copies and a CD go to the Controller of Examinations.

Our guide: Osmania University PhD admission. Thesis format: Osmania University PhD thesis format. Official regulation: Ph.D. Rules and Regulations 2026-2027.

Documents behind this card:

• Osmania University, Ph.D. Rules and Regulations 2026-2027 (PDF)
• Osmania University, Ph.D. Entrance Test 2026 notification, Category-II (PDF)
• Osmania University, Ph.D. Entrance Test 2026 information brochure (PDF)

Eligibility (master’s marks)

55% in a master’s, or 75% in a four-year bachelor’s, or 55% in an M.Phil. A 5% relaxation applies to SC, ST, DT-A, NT-B, NT-C, NT-D, SEBC, OBC (non-creamy layer), EWS and differently-abled candidates. A reservation claim counts only for candidates from Maharashtra.

Entrance test and NET/JRF

The Ph.D. Entrance Test (PET) is half research methodology, half subject (clause 3.2(c)(ii)). You need 50% (5% relaxation), and selection is 70% PET, 30% interview. UGC-NET, CSIR-NET, SET, a valid GATE, JRF or SRF and similar results exempt you, and a 100-mark interview decides (3.2(c)(i)). No PET had been held since 2024 when we checked.

Coursework

16 credits: research methodology (4), two advanced subject courses (8), Research and Publication Ethics (2), a seminar or conference (1) and pedagogy or an industrial visit report (1) (clause 8.3). You need 55% within two years of registration.

Duration: full-time

The minimum is three years. The synopsis waits until 36 months after registration (clause 10.8). The guide gives no maximum.

Duration: part-time

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Amended Ordinance 186 (Circular 157/2026)

Papers before submission

At least one paper in a Scopus or UGC-CARE listed journal (clause 10.10). SPPU’s own publication guidelines also apply.

Similarity limit

“Less than or equal to 10%”, checked as per UGC regulations, with a certificate of the check (clause 10.15).

Thesis format

A4, printed on both sides, 1.5 spacing, 1.5-inch left margin (clause 10.12). A black hard-bound cover, and the spine shows “Ph.D. thesis”, your name, and the month and year. No font, font size or page count is set.

Our guide: SPPU PhD admission. Thesis format: SPPU (Savitribai Phule Pune University) PhD thesis format. Official regulation: Amended Ordinance 186 (Circular 157/2026).

Documents behind this card:

• SPPU Circular 157/2026: Amended Ordinance 186 (PDF)
• SPPU Circular 230/2025, Ph.D. admission round (PDF)

Eligibility (master’s marks)

A master’s or M.Phil. with 55%, or a four-year bachelor’s with research with 75%. Reserved categories, EWS included, get five marks off (Regulation 3). You also need a NET, SET, GATE or GPAT result in the department’s subject (Regulation 4.2).

Entrance test and NET/JRF

NET Category 1 (JRF) is judged on the interview, with priority for seats. NET Categories 2 and 3, WB SET, GATE and GPAT are ranked 70% on the score and 30% on a 100-mark interview. The NET mark is valid for one year for admission (Regulation 4.2).

Coursework

At least 12 credits within two years, including Research and Publication Ethics and a research methods course (Regulation 9). The pass mark is 55% in each course (50% reserved). Up to 6 credits can come from online courses.

Duration: full-time

You can submit only after three years from admission (Regulation 11). The guide gives no maximum.

Duration: part-time

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Ph.D. Regulations, 2025 (in force from 12 February 2026)

Papers before submission

Science, agriculture, engineering and technology: at least one Scopus or Web of Science paper, accepted or published, or a granted patent. Other subjects: one paper in a peer-reviewed journal. Everyone: one oral talk at an international conference, or two at national ones (Regulation 11).

Similarity limit

Similarity must not go above 10%. You must disclose and mark any AI-generated content.

Thesis format

The thesis is usually in English. A Bengali or bilingual thesis needs the Vice-Chancellor’s permission. Our guides give no layout rules for Calcutta.

Our guide: University of Calcutta PhD admission. Official regulation: Ph.D. Regulations, 2025 (in force from 12 February 2026).

Documents behind this card:

• University of Calcutta, Ph.D. Regulations, 2025 (PDF)
• University of Calcutta, Admission Notice for Ph.D. (Cycle 1), 2026 (PDF)

Eligibility (master’s marks)

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Calicut University Research Regulations 2023

Entrance test and NET/JRF

A two-hour, 100-mark test on research methods and your subject. You need 50% (40% for SC and ST, 45% for OBC non-creamy layer and differently abled). Rank is 70% test or NET mark, 30% interview. JRF and fellowship holders, regular teachers, experienced scientists and UGC-NET or CSIR-NET holders (all categories) skip the test (clause 3.2, 2025 notification). SLET, GATE and M.Phil. holders sit it (regulation 4.3).

Source document

Coursework

12 credits: Research Methodology (4), an elective (4), Research and Publication Ethics (2) and a review of published research (2) (regulation 6). You need 55% at the Preliminary Qualifying Examination.

Duration: full-time

At least three years including coursework, and at most six. Re-registration can add up to two more. Women and scholars with more than 40% disability can have two further years, up to ten in total.

Duration: part-time

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Calicut University Research Regulations 2023

Papers before submission

One paper in a UGC-CARE-listed journal and two conference or seminar presentations (regulation 8.3). The paper must name the University of Calicut.

Similarity limit

10% for the non-core chapters and 10% for the core chapters, on the Certificate on Plagiarism Check. This follows U.O. No. 12218/2023/Admn, which adopted the UGC 2018 regulations. The check is at CHMK Library.

Source document

Thesis format

Printed on both sides, with references in 10 or 11 point at single spacing (U.O. No. 9330/2022/Admn). A chapter titled “Recommendations” is compulsory. One-page abstracts in English and Malayalam. Paper size, margins and font are not stated.

Source document

Our guide: University of Calicut PhD admission. Thesis format: University of Calicut PhD thesis format. Official regulation: Calicut University Research Regulations 2023.

Documents behind this card:

• University of Calicut, Research Regulations 2023 (PDF)
• University of Calicut, Ph.D. 2025 notification, 15 December 2025 (PDF)
• University of Calicut, plagiarism orders of 2023 and 2024 (PDF)
• University of Calicut, University Orders on the final format of the thesis (PDF)

Eligibility (master’s marks)

55% in a master’s, or a four-year bachelor’s with 75% followed by a master’s, or an M.Phil. with 55%. Reserved categories, EWS and differently-abled candidates get five points off (clause C.1). Master’s-degree applicants must also qualify NET, CSIR-NET, GATE, CEED or a similar national test (clause C.1.2).

Entrance test and NET/JRF

DU holds no written entrance in the regular call. Merit is 70% national test score and 30% interview, for every candidate (clause D.2). JRF holders are placed in Block A, ahead of other NET qualifiers. A few departments hold their own tests.

Coursework

12 to 16 credits, including a two-credit Research and Publication Ethics course and a four-credit research methodology course, done in the first year (clause E). You need 55%, with one reappearance, all within 18 months. Two-thirds attendance in each course is compulsory (clause F).

Duration: full-time

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Ordinance VI, revised 20 August 2026

Duration: part-time

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Ordinance VI, revised 20 August 2026

Papers before submission

On the academic pathway (clause M.5.1): two conference presentations and two papers in Scopus-indexed or DU-approved journals, as first, second or corresponding author. A granted patent can replace the two papers. A product or application-based pathway (clause M.5.2) has its own rules.

Similarity limit

The Ordinance gives no percentage. The University Library checks every thesis on DrillBit (clause M.6), and you submit within 30 days of the check. The forms ask your supervisor to confirm “accepted norms”, and clause M.13 points to the UGC 2018 regulations.

Source document

Thesis format

Ordinance VI sets no paper size, margins, font, spacing, page limit or citation style. You submit one typed, double-sided, softbound copy and upload a PDF (clause M.14).

Our guide: Delhi University PhD admission. Thesis format: University of Delhi PhD thesis format. Official regulation: Ordinance VI, revised 20 August 2026.

Documents behind this card:

• University of Delhi, revised Ordinance VI, 20 August 2026 (PDF)
• University of Delhi, Bulletin of Information for Ph.D. admissions 2025-26 (PDF)
• Delhi University Library System, plagiarism checking page

Eligibility (master’s marks)

55% in the master’s for General and EWS candidates, and 50% for SC, ST, OBC and PwD. This follows the UGC 2022 rules, adopted by the 91st Academic Council on 6 April 2023. Some programmes admit four-year honours-with-research graduates with 75%.

Entrance test and NET/JRF

In 2026-27, 28 programmes used the university’s 70-mark test and a 30-mark interview. You need 50%, or 45% for SC, ST, OBC-NCL and PwD. Category-1 JRF holders skip the test, and their interview score is scaled to 100. Seventeen other programmes used a UGC-NET or CSIR-NET score, then an interview.

Coursework

12 to 14 credits, with an ethics paper and a methodology paper among them. You need 55% to confirm registration.

Duration: full-time

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Prospectus 2026-27

Duration: part-time

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Prospectus 2026-27

Papers before submission

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Prospectus 2026-27

Similarity limit

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Prospectus 2026-27

Thesis format

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Prospectus 2026-27

Our guide: University of Hyderabad PhD admission. Official regulation: Prospectus 2026-27.

Documents behind this card:

• University of Hyderabad, Prospectus 2026-27 (PDF)
• University of Hyderabad, Ph.D. admission through NET, September 2026 (PDF)

Eligibility (master’s marks)

A master’s with 55%, or a four-year bachelor’s with 75%. SC, ST, OBC (non-creamy layer), differently abled and EWS candidates get 5 marks off, applied to the marks on your mark list only (July 2026 notice).

Source document

Entrance test and NET/JRF

A three-hour, 100-mark written test: research methodology (50%) and your subject (50%). You need 50% in each part, with 10% relaxation for SC and ST and 5% for OBC, differently abled and EWS. Selection is 70% test, 30% interview. UGC-NET (all three categories), JRF, CSIR-NET, DBT-JRF, DST-INSPIRE, SLET, GATE, approved fellowships, an M.Phil. (B or 55%) and seven years of college teaching exempt you.

Source document

Coursework

At least one semester of coursework worth 14 credits in the first year after registration. Research and Publication Ethics (Paper II) is compulsory for everyone.

Duration: full-time

Three to six years from admission (clause 4). The Syndicate can add two more. Women scholars and scholars with more than 40% disability can get a further two.

Duration: part-time

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Regulations for the Award of Ph.D. Degree, 2022

Papers before submission

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Regulations for the Award of Ph.D. Degree, 2022

Similarity limit

The 2022 regulations give no percentage and name no software. Clause 11(3) says only that the University will detect plagiarism with “well-developed software applications”. You hand in a no-plagiarism undertaking and your supervisor’s originality certificate (clause 11(4)).

Thesis format

The University has not published a thesis format manual, so you agree paper size, margins, font and binding with your supervisor. The thesis form asks for four copies, plus ten copies of a one-page synopsis without your name.

Our guide: University of Kerala PhD admission. Thesis format: University of Kerala PhD thesis format and submission rules. Official regulation: Regulations for the Award of Ph.D. Degree, 2022.

Documents behind this card:

• University of Kerala, Ph.D. Regulations 2022 (PDF)
• University of Kerala, Ph.D. registration notification, July 2026 session (PDF)
• University of Kerala, Ph.D. Entrance Exam 2026 notification (PDF)

Eligibility (master’s marks)

A PG degree with 55%, or B on the UGC seven-point scale, reached through 10+2, then UG, then PG (clause 2.1). SC, ST and differently abled applicants need 50%, as do those with a master’s from before 19 September 1991. Grace marks don’t count (clause 2.2).

Entrance test and NET/JRF

Each institution sets a 50-mark test: 35 written and 15 oral. You need 25 (clause 3.3). Merit is 50% PG marks and 50% test (clause 3.2.1). UGC-JRF, CSIR-JRF, DBT, DST-INSPIRE and ICMR fellows join without the test (clause 3.1.3). No exemption is named for NET, SET or GATE without a fellowship.

Coursework

Four courses, 16 credits: Research and Publication Ethics (2), Research Methodology (4), an advanced subject course (5) and a course on your research theme (5). Each is a three-hour, 100-mark paper, and you need 55%. Up to four credits may come from MOOCs.

Duration: full-time

At least three years and up to six. Re-registration can add up to two years, for ₹10,000 to ₹30,000 a year. An M.Phil. removes one year from the minimum (clause 7.1). Our thesis-format guide reads the rules as allowing no submission after six years, so confirm this with the university.

Duration: part-time

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Research Regulations 2021, amended March 2023

Papers before submission

One paper in a UGC-CARE, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed or SCI journal before the synopsis. One paper or poster at a seminar or conference before the thesis (clause 12.2). The university’s name must be in the affiliation.

Similarity limit

The regulations give no percentage. The University Library issues the similarity certificate. The thesis is accepted if the similarity is acceptable “as per the rules framed by the Syndicate from time to time”. Ask the library for the current figure.

Source document

Thesis format

Typed in 12 point at 1.5 or 2.0 spacing, printed on both sides (clause 13.6). White soft binding with the university logo. A Tamil abstract of up to ten pages and a Tamil Virtual Academy certificate. No margins, font face, page limit or citation style are set.

Our guide: University of Madras PhD admission. Thesis format: University of Madras PhD thesis format. Official regulation: Research Regulations 2021, amended March 2023.

Documents behind this card:

• University of Madras, Research Regulations 2021, amended March 2023 (PDF)
• University of Madras, Registrar’s circular, Ph.D. admission July 2026 session (PDF)
• Madras University Library, plagiarism detection tool

Eligibility (master’s marks)

A master’s with 55%, relaxed by five points for reserved categories, EWS and the differently-abled. Or a four-year honours degree with research, with 75% (70% relaxed) (R.PhD.2). Distance-mode degrees from recognised universities count.

Entrance test and NET/JRF

The university holds PET only where seats exist and no NET, SET, GATE or GPAT covers the subject (R.PhD.5). PET is qualifying at 50% (45% reserved) and valid for a year. UGC-NET (with or without JRF), CSIR-NET, SLET, GATE, INSPIRE, teacher-fellowship and non-distance M.Phil. holders are exempt (R.PhD.6). Each research centre then interviews.

Coursework

At least 12 credits (180 hours), with at least four credits of research methodology. You need 55% (R.PhD.13). An M.Phil. under UGC norms exempts you (R.PhD.14).

Duration: full-time

At most six years from admission at the centre (R.PhD.3). Re-registration can stretch it to eight years, or ten for women and scholars with a disability above 40%. Registration must come at least one year before thesis submission (R.PhD.12(4)).

Duration: part-time

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Regulations for Ph.D., in force from 1 January 2026

Papers before submission

Before the synopsis, one published or accepted paper from your PhD work in a Scopus- or Web of Science-listed journal (ABDC where relevant). Also two conference or seminar talks, and a published patent can replace one (R.PhD.17). You and your supervisor must be first or last authors.

Similarity limit

Up to 10% is Level 0, with no penalty (R.PhD.31). Above 10% to 40% means a revised script within six months.

Thesis format

The regulations set no paper size, font, spacing, margins, binding or citation style. The thesis may not contain a dedication note (R.PhD.19(9)). One hard copy and one soft copy go in through your supervisor (R.PhD.19(7)).

Our guide: University of Mumbai PhD admission. Thesis format: University of Mumbai PhD thesis format. Official regulation: Regulations for Ph.D., in force from 1 January 2026.

Documents behind this card:

• University of Mumbai, Ph.D. Regulations 2025, in force from 1 January 2026 (PDF)

Eligibility (master’s marks)

Engineering: M.E., M.Tech. or M.S. (Research) with a CGPA of 6.75 or 60% at the bachelor’s or master’s level (clause 23PHD 2.1.1). Management needs 6.75 or 60% at the master’s level. From a four-year bachelor’s, 75%. SC, ST, OBC (non-creamy layer), differently abled and EWS candidates get 5% relaxation (23PHD 2.1.6).

Entrance test and NET/JRF

The VTU Eligibility Test for Research is half research methodology, half subject (23PHD 4.1). It is 100 multiple-choice marks scaled to 70. You qualify with 35 of 70, or 31 in reserved categories, and a 30-mark interview follows. UGC-NET (with JRF), CSIR-NET, SLET, GATE, CAT, an M.Phil. or a valid ETR score exempts you (23PHD 4.2.2). Exempt candidates fill supervisor vacancies first (23PHD 4.3.4).

Coursework

12 credits or more, with Research Methodology and Research and Publication Ethics compulsory. You take it through NPTEL or your institution, as the RAC recommends. You need 55% (23PHD 6.1) within two years, then a viva-voce.

Duration: full-time

Three to six years, extendable by two. Women and candidates with over 40% disability get two more.

Duration: part-time

Not stated in the regulations we checked. See the official regulation. Ph.D. Regulations 2023

Papers before submission

The 2026 thesis checklist (item 13) asks recent batches for one paper in a Q1 to Q3 Scopus-indexed journal. Older batches may show two UGC-CARE or two Scopus, SCI or Web of Science papers instead. The 2023 regulations ask for two such papers before the pre-submission colloquium. Your name and your guide’s must be on the paper.

Source document

Similarity limit

VTU’s documents differ. The anti-plagiarism procedure on its PhD formats page allows 25% or less. The PhD Manual 2024 says 10% or less, leaving out the bibliography, index and references. Our guide suggests aiming for 10%.

Source document

Thesis format

The July 2025 THESIS FORMAT template fixes the page order, and VTU fines theses not in it. An older guideline sets A4, 1.5 spacing, 12-point body text and margins of 1.25″ left, 1″ right, and 0.75″ top and bottom. References are numbered in order of citation.

Source document

Our guide: VTU PhD admission. Thesis format: VTU PhD thesis format. Official regulation: Ph.D. Regulations 2023.

Documents behind this card:

• VTU, Minimum Standards and Procedure for Award of Ph.D. Degree, Regulations 2023 (PDF)
• VTU, VTU-ETR-2026 notification, 31 August 2026 (PDF)
• VTU, thesis check list, March 2026 (PDF)
• VTU, Ph.D. Manual 2024 (PDF)
• VTU, THESIS FORMAT circular, 15 July 2025 (PDF)
• VTU, Ph.D. by research page: formats and anti-plagiarism procedure